Conditions Treated with RTMS

RTMS and Depression:

 

Depression is a mental health disorder that affects a person's mood, thoughts, and behavior. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness, and may also include loss of interest in activities that one used to enjoy.

Depression can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. It can be triggered by stressful life events such as the loss of a loved one, a job loss, or a relationship breakup.

Depression can be a serious illness that can affect a person's ability to function in their daily life. Symptoms may include difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much, changes in appetite and weight, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

Treatment for depression often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, neurostimulation and lifestyle changes such as exercise, healthy eating, and stress management techniques.

 

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been studied as a potential treatment for depression, particularly treatment-resistant depression, which is a type of depression that does not respond well to traditional treatments such as medication and psychotherapy.

Research on the use of rTMS for depression has shown promising results in reducing symptoms such as sadness, loss of interest, and sleep disturbances. Specifically, rTMS has been shown to increase activity in the prefrontal cortex, which is an area of the brain involved in mood regulation and cognitive processing.

While rTMS is generally considered safe and FDA approved for treatment of depression, it is not a first-line treatment for depression and is typically reserved for people who have not responded well to other treatments or who cannot tolerate medication. Therefore, it's important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of rTMS with a qualified healthcare professional before pursuing this type of treatment. Other treatment options for depression include psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication.

 

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28541649/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33834408/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31207865/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25450537/

 

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30295-2/fulltext

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33780827/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19428640/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35728457/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30031247/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32697717/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28951141/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34942227/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29946106/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31727396/

 

RTMS and Bipolar Depression:

​

Bipolar depression, also known as bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that is characterized by episodes of depression and mania or hypomania. People with bipolar disorder experience extreme mood swings that can last for weeks or even months, and these mood swings can significantly affect their daily functioning.

During a depressive episode, a person with bipolar disorder may experience symptoms similar to those of major depression, such as feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness, along with changes in appetite and sleep patterns, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. They may also have thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

Bipolar disorder can be treated with a combination of medication and therapy. Mood stabilizers, such as lithium or valproic acid, are often prescribed to help manage the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, can also be helpful in managing symptoms and improving overall functioning.

RTMS can also be helpful in selected cases. It's important to seek help if you suspect you may have bipolar disorder, as it is a serious condition that can significantly impact a person's life.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33074144/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36143081/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35772133/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33949063/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30917990/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31566935/

 

​

RTMS and OCD:

 

OCD stands for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. It is a mental health condition that is characterized by persistent and unwanted thoughts, impulses, or images (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing harm.

People with OCD often feel compelled to engage in these behaviors or mental acts, even though they may recognize that they are excessive or unreasonable. The compulsions can be time-consuming and interfere with a person's daily activities, relationships, and work.

Common obsessions in OCD may include fears of contamination, harm, or religious or sexual obsessions. Compulsions may involve excessive cleaning, checking, counting, or arranging objects.

OCD can be treated with a combination of therapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that is often used to treat OCD. It involves gradually exposing the person to their obsessions while helping them develop more adaptive coping strategies. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may also be prescribed to help reduce symptoms.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a type of non-invasive brain stimulation that has been studied as a potential treatment for OCD.

Studies have shown that rTMS may be effective in reducing symptoms of OCD and is generally considered safe, although some people may experience mild side effects such as headaches or scalp discomfort.

Overall, rTMS may be a viable treatment option for some people with OCD, especially those who have not responded well to other treatments or who cannot tolerate medication. However, it's important to consult with a qualified mental health professional to determine whether rTMS or another treatment option is right for you.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30963971/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33384007/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29423665/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33550567/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23615189/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35041869/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34050130/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32472148/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32677923/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35900217/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28953851/

 

RTMS and Dementia-MCI:

​

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition that involves a noticeable decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory, language, and attention, that is greater than expected for a person's age and education level, but does not significantly interfere with their daily functioning.

MCI is often considered a transitional stage between the cognitive changes of normal aging and the more severe decline of dementia. While some people with MCI may eventually develop dementia, not everyone with MCI will progress to this stage.

Some common symptoms of MCI include forgetfulness, difficulty with language, problems with decision-making, and changes in mood and behavior. However, unlike dementia, these symptoms are not severe enough to interfere with a person's ability to carry out their daily activities.

The exact causes of MCI are not fully understood, but it may be related to a variety of factors, including age, genetics, and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.

While there is no specific cure for MCI, there are interventions that can help manage symptoms and improve outcomes. These may include cognitive training, lifestyle changes, and medications to manage underlying conditions such as high blood pressure or depression.

Dementia is a group of conditions that affect the brain and can lead to a decline in cognitive function and memory loss. It is a progressive disease that usually develops slowly over time and can eventually interfere with a person's ability to carry out their daily activities.

Dementia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, among others. These conditions can cause damage to different parts of the brain and lead to different symptoms.

Some common symptoms of dementia include memory loss, difficulty with language and communication, problems with decision-making and reasoning, and changes in mood and behavior. As the disease progresses, people with dementia may experience difficulty with basic self-care tasks, such as bathing and dressing.

While there is currently no cure for dementia, there are treatments and interventions that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include medications, lifestyle changes, and various therapies, such as cognitive stimulation/ rehabilitation therapy and reminiscence therapy.

Research on the use of rTMS for dementia and MCI has shown mixed results. Some studies have suggested that rTMS may improve cognitive function and memory in cases of MCI and also people with Alzheimer's disease, while other studies have not found significant benefits.

While rTMS is generally considered safe, it is not currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of dementia. Therefore, it's important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of rTMS with a qualified healthcare professional before pursuing this type of treatment.

Overall, while rTMS may hold promise as a treatment option for some symptoms of MCI or dementia, more research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and risks. In the meantime, there are other treatments, such as medications and lifestyle changes, that may be effective in managing the symptoms of dementia.

It's important to seek medical attention if you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of dementia, as early diagnosis and treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and improve outcomes.

 

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33115936/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33307047/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31783330/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34700007/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35680080/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35625731/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36834642/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33453454/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36467674/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34764859/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24506061/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530170/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31787103/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36215904/

 

RTMS and Anxiety (PTSD/ GAD):

​

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been studied as a potential treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

Research on the use of rTMS for PTSD has shown promising results in reducing symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and avoidance behavior. Specifically, rTMS has been shown to increase activity in the prefrontal cortex, which is an area of the brain involved in emotional regulation and memory processing.

While rTMS is generally considered safe, it is not currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of PTSD. Therefore, it's important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of rTMS with a qualified mental health professional before pursuing this type of treatment.

rTMS for PTSD may be a viable treatment option for some people who have not responded well to other treatments or who cannot tolerate medication. Other treatment options for PTSD include psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31066227/

 

​

RTMS and Addiction:

​

Addictive disorders, also known as substance use disorders, refer to a group of conditions in which a person has difficulty controlling their use of drugs, alcohol, or other addictive substances, despite the negative consequences that may result.

Addictive disorders are characterized by a range of symptoms, including:

• Craving: a strong desire or urge to use the substance

• Loss of control: an inability to stop or limit use of the substance

• Tolerance: a need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effects

• Withdrawal: physical and psychological symptoms that occur when the substance use is stopped or reduced

• Continued use despite negative consequences: despite the problems that may result from using the substance, the person continues to use it.

Addictive disorders can have significant negative impacts on a person's health, relationships, and overall quality of life. They can also lead to a range of physical and mental health problems, including liver disease, heart disease, and depression.

Treatment for addictive disorders typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication-assisted treatment, which involves the use of medications to help manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been studied as a potential treatment for addiction, particularly substance use disorders such as alcohol and drug addiction.

Research on the use of rTMS for addiction has shown promising results in reducing cravings and improving outcomes in people with substance use disorders. Specifically, rTMS has been shown to modulate brain circuits involved in craving and impulse control, which are areas that are often disrupted in addiction.

While rTMS is generally considered safe, it is not currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of addiction. Therefore, it's important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of rTMS with a qualified healthcare professional before pursuing this type of treatment.

Overall, while more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of rTMS for addiction, it may be a viable treatment option for some people who have not responded well to other treatments or who cannot tolerate medication. Other treatment options for addiction include behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication-assisted treatment.

It's important to seek medical attention if you or a loved one is struggling with an addictive disorder, as early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes and prevent serious complications.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24803733/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35160085/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29189190/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30536145/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31271802/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33316590/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27240657/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33002757/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22200135/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22809824/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31725426/

 

Tinnitus:

​

Psychogenic tinnitus is a type of tinnitus that is believed to be caused by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, depression, or trauma, rather than by a physical problem with the ears or auditory system.

While the exact mechanisms behind psychogenic tinnitus are not well understood, it is thought that emotional or psychological distress can trigger or exacerbate tinnitus symptoms by affecting the way the brain processes sensory information.

Treatment for psychogenic tinnitus typically involves addressing the underlying psychological factors that may be contributing to the condition. This may include psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which can help people develop coping strategies and address negative thought patterns that may be contributing to tinnitus symptoms.

In some cases, medications such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms of depression, anxiety, or other psychological conditions that may be contributing to tinnitus.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has also been studied as a potential treatment for psychogenic tinnitus. rTMS involves applying a magnetic field to specific areas of the brain, typically the auditory cortex, to stimulate or inhibit neural activity. While research on the use of rTMS for psychogenic tinnitus is still ongoing, some studies have shown promising results in reducing tinnitus symptoms.

Overall, the treatment approach for psychogenic tinnitus may vary depending on the underlying psychological factors contributing to the condition. It's important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of various treatment options with a qualified healthcare professional to determine the best course of action.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X(20)30301-6/fulltext

 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48750-9

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govpmcarticlesPMC3208342

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3208342/

 

RTMS and ADHD:

​

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with daily functioning and development.

Inattention symptoms may include:

• Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities

• Failing to listen when spoken to directly

• Difficulty organizing tasks and activities

• Avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort

• Frequently losing things, such as school materials or personal items

• Forgetfulness in daily activities

Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms may include:

• Fidgeting or squirming in seats

• Difficulty remaining seated

• Excessive running or climbing, especially in inappropriate situations

• Talking excessively

• Difficulty waiting their turn in games or group activities

• Interrupting or intruding on others

ADHD can present differently in individuals, and symptoms may be mild, moderate, or severe. In some cases, individuals may present with symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, while in other cases, they may present with primarily one type of symptom.

It's important to note that ADHD symptoms must be present for at least six months and must be inappropriate for the individual's developmental level to be diagnosed with the disorder. A thorough evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional is necessary to accurately diagnose ADHD and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

 

Treatment options for ADHD include medication, such as stimulants or non-stimulants, and behavioral therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or parent training. A combination of medication and behavioral therapy is often recommended for optimal treatment outcomes.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been studied as a potential treatment option for ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), although research in this area is still ongoing and results have been mixed.

rTMS involves applying magnetic pulses to specific areas of the brain, with the aim of modulating neural activity and improving symptoms of the disorder.

It's important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of various treatment options with a qualified healthcare professional to determine the best course of action for managing ADHD symptoms.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488739/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35359026/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28229395/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23995211/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26661481/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5962296/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833526/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27745724/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413505/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35614951/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043889/

 

Autism:

​

• Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. It is typically diagnosed in early childhood and lasts throughout the lifespan. The symptoms of autism usually appear in early childhood, although they may not be recognized until later. Some common symptoms include:

• Difficulty with communication, including delayed speech, lack of eye contact, and difficulty understanding or using nonverbal cues like gestures and facial expressions.

• Difficulty with social interaction, including difficulty making and maintaining friendships, a lack of interest in playing with peers, and a preference for playing alone.

• Repetitive behaviors or routines, including repetitive movements like rocking or hand flapping, and a need for sameness in their environment or routines.

• Sensory sensitivities or challenges, including oversensitivity or undersensitivity to sights, sounds, textures, tastes, and smells.

The severity of autism symptoms can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe. Some individuals with autism may have intellectual or developmental disabilities, while others may have average or above-average intelligence.

There is no known cure for autism, but early intervention and treatment can help individuals with autism develop skills and improve their quality of life. Treatment may include behavioral therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medication for associated conditions such as anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been studied as a potential treatment for some of the symptoms associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), although research in this area is still in the early stages and results have been mixed.

Some studies have targeted the prefrontal cortex, a brain region involved in social cognition and executive functioning, in individuals with ASD using rTMS.

It's important to work with qualified healthcare professionals to develop an individualized treatment plan that meets the unique needs of each person with ASD.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33124586/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32289673/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28229395/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27567276/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32892959/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35714757/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36223728/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30038561/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34233985/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34011467/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22037133/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22311204/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25267414/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36161554/

 

RTMS in child psychiatry:

​

Research Articles:

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35958966/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30098658/

​

RTMS in negative symptoms of Schizophrenia:

​

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been used as a potential treatment for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Negative symptoms refer to a cluster of symptoms that include social withdrawal, apathy, anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure), lack of motivation, reduced emotional expressiveness, poor social interaction and deficits in various aspects of functioning.

Several studies have investigated the use of rTMS in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Several studies have shown promising results with rTMS, for example, a randomized controlled trial published in JAMA Psychiatry in 2018 found that rTMS significantly improved negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia who were resistant to antipsychotic medication.

Another study published in Schizophrenia Research in 2019 also found that rTMS improved negative symptoms and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia who had been stable on antipsychotic medication.

However, it is worth noting that the evidence for rTMS in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia is still limited. It is also important to consider rTMS as an adjunct treatment to medication and other therapies, rather than a replacement. As with any medical treatment, it is recommended that individuals with schizophrenia speak with their healthcare provider to determine if rTMS is appropriate for their specific situation.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18040429?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

 

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2793707

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566616/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763819/

 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-022-00248-6

 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451865422000084?via%3Dihub

 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-019-1076-2

 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763416307874?via%3Dihub

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29397282/

 

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736094/full

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26187147/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32428747/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101378/

 

https://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X(20)30038-3/fulltext

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31764455/

​

​

RTMS in resistant Hallucinations in Schizophrenia:

​

Hallucinations are a common symptom of schizophrenia, and rTMS has been studied as a potential treatment for auditory hallucinations in particular. The current evidence suggests that rTMS may be helpful for reducing the severity of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia.

A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia included 21 studies and found that rTMS had a significant effect in reducing the severity of auditory hallucinations. However, the authors noted that the studies had considerable variability in terms of the rTMS protocol used, the location of stimulation, and the number of sessions.

Overall, while rTMS may be a promising treatment option for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia, more research is needed to determine the optimal rTMS protocol and to better understand its long-term effects. It is important to note that rTMS is not a first-line treatment for schizophrenia, and it should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22368234/

 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395621005409?via%3Dihub

 

https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3311-x

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27179693/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20189190/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36427815/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28442422/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19679450/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15652879/

​

​

RTMS in Parkinsonism:

​

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain. It has been studied as a potential treatment for “parkinsonism”, which refers to a group of neurological disorders that share some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement).

The evidence on the effectiveness of rTMS for parkinsonism is still limited, and the results of studies have been mixed. Some studies have shown that rTMS can lead to significant improvements in motor symptoms and quality of life, while others have not found any significant benefits.

One meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that high-frequency rTMS (at a frequency of 10-20 Hz) of the primary motor cortex was associated with significant improvements in motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with parkinsonism.

Another meta-analysis that specifically focused on the use of rTMS for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease found that rTMS was associated with a significant improvement in freezing of gait, although the effect size was small.

Overall, while there is some evidence to suggest that rTMS may be a promising treatment for parkinsonism, more high-quality research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and to identify the best ways to administer rTMS for this population. As with any medical treatment, it's important to consult with a qualified healthcare provider to determine if rTMS is an appropriate option for an individual's specific symptoms and medical history.

​

Research Articles:

​

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8470277/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34890834/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32620273/

 

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bn/2021/3419907/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540142/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34468499/

 

https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/FwDnhVXGKrGJBF7LPj6yvGG/?lang=en

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20714078/

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26209930/

​

​

RTMS and Seizure Risk:

​

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is generally considered to be a safe and non-invasive procedure. However, there is a small risk of inducing seizures, particularly in individuals with a history of seizures or epilepsy.

The risk of seizure induction with rTMS is relatively low, with reported incidence rates ranging from 0.01% to 0.1%. The risk is higher when high-frequency rTMS is applied to the frontal cortex or when the stimulation intensity is set too high. The risk of seizures with rTMS is generally considered to be low, particularly when the procedure is performed by a qualified healthcare professional using appropriate safety protocols. Precautions such as careful patient selection, appropriate stimulation parameters, and close monitoring during and after treatment can help minimize the risk of seizures.

To minimize the risk of seizure induction, it's important to screen individuals for any risk factors before starting rTMS treatment, including a history of seizures or epilepsy, as well as any medications or substances that may lower the seizure threshold.

Overall, while there is a small risk of seizure induction with rTMS, the potential benefits of the treatment may outweigh the risks for certain individuals. Globally, rTMS is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated treatment option for a variety of conditions, when performed by a qualified healthcare professional and with appropriate safety protocols in place. It's important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of rTMS with a qualified healthcare professional to determine if it's an appropriate treatment option for a particular individual.

 

Research Articles:

​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33324060/

​

 

 

​