rTMS, or Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain. rTMS is primarily used as a therapeutic tool to treat a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and chronic pain.

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During an rTMS session, a coil is placed over the scalp, and a series of magnetic pulses are delivered to the targeted area of the brain. These pulses create a magnetic field that passes through the skull and into the brain, which then stimulates the underlying neurons in that area.

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The frequency and intensity of the magnetic pulses can be adjusted to target different areas of the brain and achieve different therapeutic effects. Generally, low-frequency rTMS is used to suppress neuronal activity, while high-frequency rTMS is used to increase neuronal activity.

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rTMS is considered a safe and well-tolerated treatment option, with minimal side effects. Some patients may experience mild discomfort or headaches during or after treatment, but these usually resolve quickly.

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Overall, rTMS has shown promising results in the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, although further research is needed to fully understand its potential applications and mechanisms of action.